WEBVTT

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OK, so if you could
tell us your name,

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the institution where you work,
and what your general role

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and tasks are within
the institution.

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My name is Matilde Luna, and
I am the director of RELAF,

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which is the Latin
American network for family

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and community right to life.

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We are based in Latin America,
and we work in Latin American

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and Caribbean countries, in
various cultures, contexts,

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and countries.

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We unite individuals,
key players, governments,

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and international organizations,
and we are working to support

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practices that guarantee
the rights of the family.

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In what types of context is it
necessary to work specifically

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on the prevention of unnecessary
separation and the abandonment

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of young children?

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What are the problems that come
up in the lives of children

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and families if this
is not performed?

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Well, working on prevention
with families requires a number

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of resources:
material resources,

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emotional support services,
legal support services,

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services of all kind, highly
varied and diverse due

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to the fact that there is a
wide range of problems that may

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affect families, for which
reason we need to be prepared.

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Furthermore, whilst there are
prevention activities carried

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out for all families
with children,

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there are prevention activities
that are specific to families

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that have small children,
including for families who are

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experiencing a pregnancy,
already thinking about

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the unborn child.

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So, in this sense, if it is
absolutely necessary to work,

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I insist that general
preventative measures be

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carried out for all families,
when dealing with families that

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are in the midst of
complicated situations,

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and whom have small children,
we must take specific action

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to support this family and
have the capacity to be

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conscientious and
responsible with respect

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to the intervention in terms
of prevention for families with

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small children, it may be
possible to start a life with

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support and to truly have
a chance to start out life

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in a way that is healthy and
suitable for the development

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of a child in a family.

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In many cases, when there is
a lack of intervention early

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on, it leads to a life
filled with problems,

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which just add up, and it
becomes a question of why

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intervention was not
provided early on.

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So, the key is intervention in
families with small children,

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support for families
with small children.

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Unfortunately, what we
find in Latin America,

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at least in the areas
where I work in most,

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and which I am familiar with,
with situations where there has

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not been intervention early on,
and unfortunately this leads

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to cases of abandonment,
negligence, mistreatment,

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which really puts the boy
or girl at a disadvantage

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in their development.

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So, these situations,
when they are serious,

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can even lead to a risk to
the lives of the children,

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because a small child who has
been abandoned is absolutely

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defenceless, and this
abandonment becomes not only

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the responsibility
of the family,

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but also the responsibility
of the State as well,

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of a society that is
not supporting them.

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So the first thing that I
want to point out is that

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the abandonment of a small child
is never the responsibility

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of just one family, or of
one woman who performs this

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abandonment, but rather, it is
a problem that should really be

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seen as a problem that is the
result of lack of support from

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society, the community,
and public policy.

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So where do these
children eventually go?

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In institutions,
because unfortunately,

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in extreme cases of
abandonment or separation,

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often we do not have responses
prepared for alternative care

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in the family, which is what is
needed to provide appropriate

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care, as stated in the
UN guidelines for care.

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A child younger than three
years should always be cared

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for in a family when
alternative care is necessary.

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What are the levels and what
changes can be brought about

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immediately, as well
as in the long term?

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Well, considering this
situation where we are not able

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to provide appropriate
preventative actions,

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it is necessary to prepare short
term mechanisms and prepare,

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in the long term, a system
capable of preventing

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everything we see as
unnecessary separations.

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Then, when there is a
need for separation,

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we act to be sure that the
children and families are safe.

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Thus, we say that there are
certain changes that can be

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made immediately to
improve response capacity.

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This means creating
mechanisms, the more formalized

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and planned, the better.

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We're working
towards, for example,

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the creation of
intervention protocols,

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which are procedure road maps
for everyone who interacts with

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the family and with
small children who may be

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experiencing difficulties.

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Normally, these are
the health sector,

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the education sector for small
children, community sectors,

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social sectors, the
legal sector as well,

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many times the police who
intervene when there is

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a conflict in the family.

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So, if we manage to establish
certain mechanisms that involve

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the capacity to
be able to listen,

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to interpret what
the family is saying,

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what their problems are, and
what the possible solutions

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might be, we can quickly gain
the advantage in this situation

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which at present works against
children who are experiencing

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difficulties.

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Many times I say that we
are fighting mosquitoes with

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missiles, because sometimes we
have a problem which could be

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dealt with using a more
or less accessible solution,

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and we use responses that
are totally disproportionate

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to the problems that
families experience.

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So, separation is
an extreme response,

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and that's why we say
missiles against mosquitoes,

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and what we do is completely
against the idea of providing

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help.

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Far from help that
we are providing,

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it is an intervention
that makes things worse.

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So, there are mechanisms are
quick, if we review them,

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if we prepare them, if we train
staff in them who are close

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to the families, it can
help relatively quickly.

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Think about the structure of a
comprehensive protection system

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with institutional diversity,
prepared, well formed,

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with resources, a common focus,
training, common mechanisms,

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procedures - sure this
would take longer.

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However, I don't mean that
making an improvement with

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quick mechanisms does not
further the more profound

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response we want
in the long term.

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Each person has their
responsibility in this,

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there are different
levels of responsibility,

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but each person has to take
responsibility for that

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assigned to them, it's obvious
that the best change occurs

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under the framework of
changes in public policies,

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the great changes, but that's
not to say that the civil

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sector or other governmental
sectors do not, per say,

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have to make this move, this
effort so that changes are

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carried out.

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We mustn't wait until a
counterpart makes the change

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and improves its mechanisms.

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Yes, of course, to
advocate, lobby,

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so that changes continue to
be produced, but I insist,

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we already have the tools in
order to work on the change.

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In RELAF in Latin America, along
with UNICEF for Latin America,

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we have created a model for
the prevention of abandonment

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and of the institutionalization
of small children,

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a model that contains the focus,
the framework of knowledge

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to be applied, and
guidelines for practice.

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This model is available for
everyone who wishes to apply

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it, and it is based, of course,
on the Convention on the Rights

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of the Child, and
on UN guidelines.

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What are the results of the work
in prevention in Latin America

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and the Caribbean, and what
type of lessons are there to be

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learned in relation to the
people and institutions that

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intervene, and the problems
that are the root cause

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of separations?

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Well, we are working in Latin
America, as I have said,

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applying the prevention model,
which is a sort of manual

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for intervention, which
contains one part, let's say,

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that is theoretical,
with regard to standards,

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the focus of the work, problems
that affect the family which

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may form the context
for a loss of care,

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and how to tackle situations
with very specific guidelines.

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The application of the model
in itself also gives us a sort

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of diagnostic: what it is
that we have in the countries,

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what resources do we have,
how prepared the personnel

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of the various entities are,
what level of resources there

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are, what programmes exist, and
a question that we come up

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against very frequently is
the lack of coordination

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of resources.

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While it's true that resources
will generally not be

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sufficient, it is still
necessary to direct more

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resources towards supporting
families of origin, however,

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we find with, that the
resources that do exist,

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there is no accessibility
for families in need,

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they are often far from
the families, In addition,

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resources are not
coordinated with each other.

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So, this is the first point,
there is much work to be done

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so that resources
get to families.

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There is the matter of what
has happened in Latin America

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in these last few years, in
the last decade, let's say,

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there has been a great
improvement in availability

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of economic assistance, the
"bolsa escuola" in Brazil,

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"la asignación" in Argentina,
the "Chile crece contigo"

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programme that has an
economic component.

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These are support programmes for
families that have an economic

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component.

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It is an amount of money for
families with children that

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they can receive for assistance.

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This shows that these types of
economic programmes do

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help, these economic assistance
programmes are truly

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an absolutely essential,
resource of vital

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importance, above all for
families who are in vulnerable

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situations.

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So, the important thing is to
make sure that this resource

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gets to families, above all,
families that are in vulnerable

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situations.

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In addition to
economic resources,

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there is a need for this ability
that we spoke of initially,

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to be able to listen, to
intervene in situations

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of family conflict.

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We also see that
there are key players,

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who can be participants
in the legal system,

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or in law enforcement,
such as the police,

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who can also intervene in family
conflicts with small children.

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Many times, when there is a
family conflict or a situation

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with an abandoned
child on a weekend,

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the first to intervene
is the police.

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So, we find that there are
key actors who are necessary

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and important participants
in these separations.

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So, it's very important to make
sure these participants are

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trained, with
standard procedures,

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the standards included in the
convention guidelines which

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must be known to them for
all interventions that they

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perform, particularly
with families.

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We also find that there are
socio cultural problems,

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which are related to issues
involving the repression

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of families, that is to say,
there is not an understanding

00:13:09.848 --> 00:13:13.848 align:middle line:84%
attitude, and many times there
are professionals or agents who

00:13:13.848 --> 00:13:17.916 align:middle line:84%
intervene from the concept
of an ideal family,

00:13:17.916 --> 00:13:22.258 align:middle line:84%
and they are not able to
understand the cultural

00:13:22.258 --> 00:13:26.090 align:middle line:84%
and social problems that
affect families, for example,

00:13:26.090 --> 00:13:29.360 align:middle line:84%
immigrants, single
parent families,

00:13:29.360 --> 00:13:33.910 align:middle line:84%
families that fall
outside "the norm,"

00:13:33.910 --> 00:13:38.010 align:middle line:84%
who in many situations are not
understood and are not heard,

00:13:38.010 --> 00:13:41.680 align:middle line:84%
and they are not evaluated with
regard to their care abilities.

00:13:41.680 --> 00:13:45.710 align:middle line:84%
What is important to us is
not the formal capability

00:13:45.710 --> 00:13:48.410 align:middle line:84%
of the family, if there is one
mother and one father, that is,

00:13:48.410 --> 00:13:51.520 align:middle line:84%
the question of
formality, but rather,

00:13:51.520 --> 00:13:56.400 align:middle line:84%
the capacity for providing
care that the adults who are

00:13:56.400 --> 00:14:00.080 align:middle line:84%
responsible for the
young children have.

00:14:00.080 --> 00:14:06.267 align:middle line:84%
So, the final message is this:
we evaluate and strengthen care

00:14:06.267 --> 00:14:07.360 align:middle line:90%
needs.

00:14:07.360 --> 00:14:09.504 align:middle line:84%
Children need
responsible adults,

00:14:09.504 --> 00:14:14.062 align:middle line:84%
capable of caring for
them, and sometimes this is

00:14:14.062 --> 00:14:16.410 align:middle line:84%
their biological
mother and father,

00:14:16.410 --> 00:14:18.580 align:middle line:84%
but sometimes it isn't,
sometimes it's an aunt,

00:14:18.580 --> 00:14:21.757 align:middle line:84%
sometimes it's someone in
the community who is prepared

00:14:21.757 --> 00:14:25.530 align:middle line:84%
and supported in providing
care for small children.

00:14:25.530 --> 00:14:28.323 align:middle line:84%
So, basically that is
the important thing,

00:14:28.323 --> 00:14:32.096 align:middle line:84%
and it's from this point
that we need to move forward,

00:14:32.096 --> 00:14:35.920 align:middle line:84%
take note of what is happening
in terms of social and family

00:14:35.920 --> 00:14:40.630 align:middle line:84%
changes, issues such as
migration, extreme poverty,

00:14:40.630 --> 00:14:42.740 align:middle line:90%
gender-based violence.

00:14:42.740 --> 00:14:45.630 align:middle line:84%
These are issues that
come up in societies,

00:14:45.630 --> 00:14:49.292 align:middle line:84%
which produce changes in
families, but I say again,

00:14:49.292 --> 00:14:52.910 align:middle line:84%
we must attempt to understand
and come closer to promoting

00:14:52.910 --> 00:14:59.570 align:middle line:84%
the capacity of adults
to care for children.

00:14:59.570 --> 00:15:05.302 align:middle line:90%