WEBVTT 1 00:00:13.952 --> 00:00:19.136 The next section will be a case study of what's referred to Pimachiowin Aki 2 00:00:19.584 --> 00:00:25.792 and it is a world heritage and basically takes about the fifteen years 3 00:00:26.048 --> 00:00:33.664 to reach for nomination status as the site in Canada. 4 00:00:33.664 --> 00:00:37.875 It's just to give you a better indication here of the sites symbol. 5 00:00:37.875 --> 00:00:39.836 This is a turtle 6 00:00:39.836 --> 00:00:39.964 where aboriginal people in Canada refer to Canada or North America as turtle island. 7 00:00:39.964 --> 00:00:44.316 where aboriginal people in Canada refer to Canada or North America as turtle island. 8 00:00:44.764 --> 00:00:48.220 Pimachiowin Aki is near the center, near this area here. 9 00:00:49.180 --> 00:00:52.252 But what they have done, just a short representation of their beliefs, 10 00:00:52.764 --> 00:00:55.452 this humanity or people in the center 11 00:00:56.220 --> 00:01:02.236 and they're surrounded by water, fish, animals, and crops, greens. 12 00:01:02.620 --> 00:01:06.332 So that is the people sustaining the nature and wise for site. 13 00:01:06.750 --> 00:01:10.812 Now, you know Ojibwa which is a local language for the aboriginal band. 14 00:01:11.516 --> 00:01:15.000 One of the aboriginal groups into Pimachiowin Aki. 15 00:01:15.768 --> 00:01:19.800 It refers to Pimachiowin Aki as the land that gives life. 16 00:01:19.992 --> 00:01:21.272 That's what it actually means. 17 00:01:21.528 --> 00:01:25.112 It's located 250 kilometers northwest of Winnipeg 18 00:01:25.880 --> 00:01:29.208 which is the biggest urban center in central Canada. 19 00:01:30.424 --> 00:01:36.376 And the proposed project area is over 33000 square kilometres 20 00:01:36.888 --> 00:01:38.872 So it’s a very big geographic location. 21 00:01:39.832 --> 00:01:44.952 And it's composed of three provincial parts and territory of four Anishinaabe bands. 22 00:01:45.272 --> 00:01:51.352 So again, different parts of physical, cultural at traditional contact as well. 23 00:01:51.928 --> 00:01:53.400 In terms of the current site 24 00:01:53.720 --> 00:01:57.112 because we do have parks there and we could have indigenous bands as well. 25 00:01:57.240 --> 00:02:02.040 There are fully service tourist lodges, small hotels, and rugged campsites, 26 00:02:02.808 --> 00:02:06.136 such as ones that provide airstrips and hiking opportunities as well. 27 00:02:06.776 --> 00:02:10.744 You can access if your float planes, airstrips and winter roads 28 00:02:11.000 --> 00:02:13.368 for driving up from water back across lakes. 29 00:02:14.072 --> 00:02:18.552 And there are also fishing, hiking guides and tour operators to explore the site. 30 00:02:18.936 --> 00:02:23.096 So that is very much geared towards European or foreign tourists 31 00:02:23.352 --> 00:02:27.192 are not with some indication of indigenous cultural heritage as well. 32 00:02:28.960 --> 00:02:31.904 In 2002, they are an accord with sign called 33 00:02:31.968 --> 00:02:35.872 The Protected Areas and First Nation Resource Stewardship: 34 00:02:35.872 --> 00:02:38.240 A Cooperative Relationship Accord. 35 00:02:38.240 --> 00:02:40.224 It was signed between the bands, 36 00:02:40.288 --> 00:02:43.680 original five bands that were associated with the nomination of the site, 37 00:02:43.680 --> 00:02:46.902 the federal government and the provincial government of Manitoba 38 00:02:46.902 --> 00:02:50.272 to try and provide some sort of framework for action related to 39 00:02:50.400 --> 00:02:53.600 establishment of a world heritage nomination for that site. 40 00:02:54.112 --> 00:02:58.016 The main focus was on a shared vision for protecting and caring for the land 41 00:02:58.272 --> 00:03:02.560 and also maintain the resources in a sustainable basis for the local people 42 00:03:02.880 --> 00:03:04.864 for their survival and well being. 43 00:03:05.248 --> 00:03:11.456 So again and understanding at that point that the land sustained people, and wise for site. 44 00:03:12.032 --> 00:03:16.192 That was the nature culture approach that was being voted this perspective. 45 00:03:16.192 --> 00:03:19.776 And in fact, they've done things here such as mapping out the land 46 00:03:20.224 --> 00:03:23.872 looking at the various aspects of the landscape, was represented here, 47 00:03:24.256 --> 00:03:28.864 to start formulating what that actually meant from a nomination standpoint, 48 00:03:29.312 --> 00:03:33.408 but also to indicate why the land was so important to the people and wise for site. 49 00:03:37.056 --> 00:03:39.936 One of the things that they tried to do with the part of this process 50 00:03:40.320 --> 00:03:42.432 was the promotion of world heritage benefits. 51 00:03:43.075 --> 00:03:45.824 And one of the things that they had was that 52 00:03:45.952 --> 00:03:47.616 there are existing tourism activities there, 53 00:03:48.256 --> 00:03:51.840 but they wanted to demonstrate that having a world heritage nomination 54 00:03:52.160 --> 00:03:54.144 would increase tourism and visitors 55 00:03:54.400 --> 00:03:58.880 and subsequently economic benefits of the communities over their Pimachiowin Aki. 56 00:03:59.850 --> 00:04:01.504 This also means that there's a need 57 00:04:01.632 --> 00:04:06.112 for visitor education programs and facilities, accommodations and food services. 58 00:04:06.624 --> 00:04:10.464 So again revenue generating opportunities for the local community somewhere, 59 00:04:11.360 --> 00:04:17.248 Also more jobs for tour guides, fishing guys, artists and people 60 00:04:17.248 --> 00:04:19.424 to share and teach Anishinaabe culture 61 00:04:20.064 --> 00:04:26.850 whether was Anishinaabe people themselves in the region or Europeans or Canadians are others 62 00:04:26.850 --> 00:04:29.800 who are interested in findingout more about indigenous culture. 63 00:04:30.592 --> 00:04:32.704 This would also mean increased support and help 64 00:04:32.832 --> 00:04:37.184 from other organizations, governments, businesses, volunteers, and others to manage the site. 65 00:04:37.184 --> 00:04:41.024 Again, this is with the World heritage foundation 66 00:04:41.024 --> 00:04:44.672 and also for the prominence and the profile that it would obtain. 67 00:04:44.734 --> 00:04:51.000 There's hope that there would be greater protection and management and say or opportunities 68 00:04:51.000 --> 00:04:55.166 to participate in the way that the land is being managed 69 00:04:55.230 --> 00:04:56.894 and developed as it has a key issue 70 00:04:56.894 --> 00:05:01.438 when it comes to world heritage nomination in Canada with indigenous people. 71 00:05:02.526 --> 00:05:05.982 So there are a number of positive nomination drivers related to the site 72 00:05:07.774 --> 00:05:09.566 the nomination group as well organized. 73 00:05:10.206 --> 00:05:12.318 There's something called Pimachiowin Aki corporation. 74 00:05:12.625 --> 00:05:15.774 It has been well funded and supported by Canadian 75 00:05:16.094 --> 00:05:18.974 Manitoba governments as well as US foundations 76 00:05:19.700 --> 00:05:25.118 some like the few foundation based in northern United States. 77 00:05:25.118 --> 00:05:31.650 And there are also ways where they have a very strong leadership core through people called 78 00:05:31.650 --> 00:05:36.675 the Rabi Oscars and others within the national be banded in Pimachiowin Aki were able to 79 00:05:36.675 --> 00:05:39.902 help to lead and move the process forward. 80 00:05:40.475 --> 00:05:42.900 With regard to the side as well 81 00:05:42.900 --> 00:05:48.180 there's a feeling that it was remote enough that some access can be controlled. 82 00:05:48.180 --> 00:05:57.150 So it's limited proximity to a large urban area like Winnipeg 83 00:05:57.150 --> 00:05:59.422 for example, is a good and a bad thing 84 00:05:59.422 --> 00:06:06.206 where it might prevent high volume of tourists coming to the site. 85 00:06:06.590 --> 00:06:10.942 But at the same time, without the pressure and demand about high volume of tourists 86 00:06:10.942 --> 00:06:13.965 they can direct them to where they would like to. 87 00:06:13.965 --> 00:06:15.998 They can control that access as well. 88 00:06:15.998 --> 00:06:19.475 The corporation is also received over sixteen million dollars 89 00:06:19.475 --> 00:06:21.566 in grants for the nomination as well. 90 00:06:21.886 --> 00:06:27.070 And the subset has received support news coverage across Canada of print electronic. 91 00:06:27.518 --> 00:06:29.182 They have their own Youtube channel 92 00:06:29.374 --> 00:06:34.302 They have various sort of visual documentaries that put out on the site. 93 00:06:34.494 --> 00:06:41.534 it’s a very good communications management, leadership, and partnership strategy that 94 00:06:41.726 --> 00:06:43.326 they've evolved for the site as well. 95 00:06:44.030 --> 00:06:46.270 There are also a number of local and state issues. 96 00:06:46.654 --> 00:06:50.942 There have been a highly publicized reserve crisis within 97 00:06:51.134 --> 00:06:55.934 many aboriginal communities in Canada and also in the Manitoba as well. 98 00:06:56.510 --> 00:07:02.014 Their issues related to substance abuse, whether alcohol or new drugs, 99 00:07:02.334 --> 00:07:05.470 like meth or fentanyl. There are issues with that related to 100 00:07:05.598 --> 00:07:12.318 suicide and also other forms of unfortunate death on these reserves 101 00:07:12.318 --> 00:07:19.025 And it created a pretty hard situation for a number of bands that live there. 102 00:07:19.025 --> 00:07:23.377 And they are grasping hoping for the opportunity that world heritage nomination 103 00:07:23.633 --> 00:07:29.073 will give them a strong economic development opportunity again, that's an issue. 104 00:07:30.341 --> 00:07:33.669 For a number of these bands also be north and remote, 105 00:07:33.797 --> 00:07:36.677 there's inconsistent supplies of potable water and energy. 106 00:07:37.125 --> 00:07:38.981 Again, it's a very big concern 107 00:07:39.045 --> 00:07:41.797 in terms of if they want to build up infrastructure 108 00:07:41.925 --> 00:07:44.741 such as hotels, services or other sorts of infrastructure 109 00:07:45.189 --> 00:07:52.741 they need to have these kinds of resources and material on a consistent basis to sustain. 110 00:07:53.253 --> 00:07:57.861 And the tourism industry, more importantly the communities themselves. 111 00:07:59.205 --> 00:08:04.389 They received five bans that were part of the nomination process more than the Pikanggikum 112 00:08:04.453 --> 00:08:09.317 were upset over the way that the treaty rights for outlined in the nomination documents. 113 00:08:09.701 --> 00:08:11.685 They didn't feel that they were properly portrayed 114 00:08:12.197 --> 00:08:19.173 because there are still some land use and some pretty matters that have to be resolved. 115 00:08:19.557 --> 00:08:22.181 The band decided that they had the part of the nomination 116 00:08:22.629 --> 00:08:27.621 which in turn shrunk the size of the nomination as well by about a quarter 117 00:08:27.877 --> 00:08:32.677 because the fact that they needed to...We draw the boundaries for the proposed site. 118 00:08:33.701 --> 00:08:37.989 And finally on the periphery of the site as well 119 00:08:38.309 --> 00:08:40.229 there's a hydro corridor 120 00:08:40.357 --> 00:08:45.285 an electrical corridor that was gonna be established on the western edge of the site 121 00:08:46.053 --> 00:08:47.717 which is right here in blue. 122 00:08:47.717 --> 00:08:50.597 And the concern was that this physical incursion 123 00:08:51.237 --> 00:08:54.693 but somehow affect the line quality migration of animals and other activities 124 00:08:54.693 --> 00:08:58.149 and again had sustained local peoples in that region. 125 00:09:00.525 --> 00:09:03.653 So in terms of the same nomination process 126 00:09:03.653 --> 00:09:06.277 there are three tries. 127 00:09:06.597 --> 00:09:10.373 World heritage committee first off with some fair weather areas 128 00:09:10.437 --> 00:09:12.933 where is unique and requested more information from Canada. 129 00:09:13.573 --> 00:09:18.053 So this is in the week of the 2014 meeting in Doha 130 00:09:18.821 --> 00:09:19.845 And so as a result 131 00:09:19.973 --> 00:09:23.237 they had to rethink and reformulate in a matter that concurred 132 00:09:23.365 --> 00:09:27.717 with the ten criteria for outstanding is universal value and 133 00:09:28.485 --> 00:09:32.709 how that this site had those unique characteristics is a lot 134 00:09:32.773 --> 00:09:36.165 to be considered for or their certain combinations. 135 00:09:37.829 --> 00:09:39.045 And try No. 2. 136 00:09:39.365 --> 00:09:43.781 The site was referred during three years for partners to come to a consensus. 137 00:09:44.357 --> 00:09:45.829 This was in 2016. 138 00:09:46.661 --> 00:09:52.293 So what happened was that with the removal of the pack and a command 139 00:09:52.869 --> 00:09:55.109 there are some unsure as to whether or not 140 00:09:55.301 --> 00:09:57.285 there's enough structure, governance 141 00:09:57.669 --> 00:10:01.509 and solidity with individual partners were there and involved with the site. 142 00:10:01.765 --> 00:10:02.597 So as a result 143 00:10:02.917 --> 00:10:05.733 the UNESCO world heritage has to be decided at that time 144 00:10:06.053 --> 00:10:09.317 but there are some internal issues that need to be resolved. 145 00:10:10.149 --> 00:10:12.517 So recognizing that they appear to be 146 00:10:12.645 --> 00:10:15.333 a good candidate will allow them to stand back. 147 00:10:15.845 --> 00:10:18.725 We think we reframe their nomination 148 00:10:18.725 --> 00:10:22.775 and come back once the nomination documents 149 00:10:22.775 --> 00:10:24.950 once they felt that 150 00:10:24.950 --> 00:10:27.300 everybody to go forward heritage nomination. 151 00:10:27.497 --> 00:10:28.777 Finally, on try NO.3 152 00:10:29.289 --> 00:10:31.081 the nomination was presented at the world heritage 153 00:10:31.273 --> 00:10:35.369 committee meeting in Bahrain in 2018. 154 00:10:35.881 --> 00:10:41.193 This is here shows the different meaeting and leader 155 00:10:41.385 --> 00:10:42.921 So for obvious cause of the group 156 00:10:43.689 --> 00:10:47.081 those are part of the corporation to support the world heritage nomination. 157 00:10:48.041 --> 00:10:52.649 And in 2018 this year, they received a world heritage site nomination. 158 00:10:53.609 --> 00:10:56.873 So again, you saw a large site 159 00:10:58.025 --> 00:11:02.249 certainly lots of social issues, cultural issues and natural issues that are there. 160 00:11:03.017 --> 00:11:06.601 And UNESCO has been very accommodating in terms of the site itself. 161 00:11:07.497 --> 00:11:08.329 At the same time 162 00:11:08.521 --> 00:11:10.953 they're try to think about the site in a matter that 163 00:11:11.209 --> 00:11:13.897 not only preserves it, maintains it 164 00:11:14.409 --> 00:11:18.825 but at the same time also helps to support and sustain tourism there. 165 00:11:19.273 --> 00:11:23.177 And in a way that is reflective of the local culture and in a way that 166 00:11:23.369 --> 00:11:26.505 the people themselves experience and enjoy it 167 00:11:27.081 --> 00:11:28.361 whether it is being on the land 168 00:11:29.065 --> 00:11:30.857 seeing the different types of wildlife 169 00:11:31.177 --> 00:11:34.889 the different sorts of harvesting and crafting techniques to go on. 170 00:11:35.273 --> 00:11:40.905 Again, very much focused and specific to that site. 171 00:11:41.609 --> 00:11:43.977 But now that they have the nomination 172 00:11:44.681 --> 00:11:46.537 the challenge is there to try and see 173 00:11:46.665 --> 00:11:51.337 how they can develop tourism sustainably and the reflective of the culture. 174 00:11:51.657 --> 00:11:52.873 But at the same time 175 00:11:53.001 --> 00:11:55.550 it doesn't impose itself upon the culture and the traditional ways 176 00:11:55.550 --> 00:11:58.275 in which they managed and used the site.