WEBVTT

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In this video, I want
to summarise for you

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some of the key
methods of working

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during the perinatal period
in terms of the target of some

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of the interventions on which
we'll be focusing later.

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The three main
groupings in terms

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of how interventions
are delivered

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are universal,
targeted, and indicated.

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The key feature of
a universal approach

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is that it is
available to everyone.

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Key practitioners
involved in the delivery

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of universal methods to
promote infant mental health

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include midwives and
public health nurses,

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or health visitors within
the health service,

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and early years practitioners
within the early years sector.

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It should be noted that a
universal approach, however,

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doesn't necessarily involve
a practitioner at all

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and can simply involve the use
of a public health approach,

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such as the delivery of
leaflets or newsletters,

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or even wider societal
changes, such as modifications

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to the law to prohibit certain
types of parenting practice,

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such as, for example, smacking.

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Targeted interventions
are provided

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to parents who are at
risk of poor parenting

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because they are in
some way vulnerable

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and need additional support.

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Targeted interventions
are typically

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delivered to specific
groups of parents.

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So for example, they
might be directed

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at parents living in an area
of socioeconomic disadvantage

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or parents who have particular
characteristics that put them

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at risk, such as
being a teenager,

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or parents who are
also immigrants.

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Indicated interventions
are provided to parents

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who are experiencing problems.

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So for example, women
who are identified

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in the postnatal period as
being postnatally depressed

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would be offered
an intervention.

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Other high risk
groups of parents

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include couples where there
is domestic abuse or substance

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dependency.

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Interventions are also
classified, however,

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in terms of whether they
are dyadic or non-dyadic.

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Non-dyadic interventions
target the parent only,

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whereas dyadic interventions
target the parent and baby

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together.

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If, for example,
we take the case

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of a woman who is
postnatally depressed,

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a non-dyadic method
of working will

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be to offer her counselling or
interpersonal psychotherapy,

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with the aim of
modifying her depression.

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However, a number
of studies have

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shown that while such methods
are highly effective in terms

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of improving the
mother's depression,

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they are less effective
in terms of improving

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her interactions with the baby.

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And if you remember from
early material in the course,

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the research shows that it's
the impact of the depression

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on the interaction
that is important,

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rather than the
depression per se.

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This suggests the need to work
with both the mother and baby

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together.

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Examples of dyadic methods that
target both mother and baby

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when the mother is experiencing
postnatal depression

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include video feedback and
parent-infant psychotherapy,

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both of which we'll examine
in more detail shortly.

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In the next two
parts of the course,

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we're going to be examining some
of the key methods of working

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in pregnancy and the
postnatal period.

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The postnatal interventions that
we examine will focus primarily

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on dyadic methods of working.

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