WEBVTT 1 00:00:13.050 --> 00:00:18.938 In this section, I'm going to continue to talk about the criterion five and six, 2 00:00:18.938 --> 00:00:23.354 and will also give some examples to illustrate it. 3 00:00:23.354 --> 00:00:30.150 The Criterion five, is be an outstanding example of a traditional human settlement, 4 00:00:30.150 --> 00:00:35.014 land-use, or sea-use which is representative of a culture, 5 00:00:35.014 --> 00:00:40.475 or human interaction with the environment especially 6 00:00:40.475 --> 00:00:46.171 when it has become vulnerable under the impact of irreversible change; 7 00:00:48.539 --> 00:00:54.683 In terms of this criteria, traditional settlements may be urban or rural. 8 00:00:54.683 --> 00:01:00.827 Similarly, land-use does not just apply to rural occupations. 9 00:01:01.083 --> 00:01:05.875 The key aspect of this criterion is that the property must 10 00:01:05.875 --> 00:01:09.843 represent a particular culture or cultures 11 00:01:09.843 --> 00:01:13.811 and that represent needs to be outstanding in some way. 12 00:01:13.811 --> 00:01:19.139 In sometimes assumed that the emphasis in this criterion is 13 00:01:19.139 --> 00:01:19.325 on the impact of irreversible change 14 00:01:19.325 --> 00:01:22.915 on the impact of irreversible change 15 00:01:22.915 --> 00:01:28.150 in that a property that is vulnerable to irreversible change is 16 00:01:28.150 --> 00:01:31.414 therefore of outstanding value. 17 00:01:31.414 --> 00:01:36.918 This is not the case. However, the vulnerability can mean that 18 00:01:36.918 --> 00:01:42.358 what formerly was plentiful has become scarce, 19 00:01:42.358 --> 00:01:48.975 and what is left is now rare, possibly the only surviving example of 20 00:01:48.975 --> 00:01:51.471 a type of settlement or land-use. 21 00:01:53.071 --> 00:01:55.951 The key phrase is ’land-use’. 22 00:01:56.655 --> 00:02:02.550 There must be some reasonably long period of time associated with 23 00:02:02.550 --> 00:02:07.926 the settlement or use in order for it to be considered traditional. 24 00:02:07.990 --> 00:02:13.558 The settlement or use must also be an outstanding representation of 25 00:02:13.558 --> 00:02:17.078 a culture or human interaction with the environment. 26 00:02:17.078 --> 00:02:23.350 That is, the settlement or use must be important within the life of the culture, 27 00:02:23.350 --> 00:02:27.894 or the human interaction must have universal relevance. 28 00:02:29.942 --> 00:02:31.798 Let me give you some examples. 29 00:02:31.798 --> 00:02:34.870 The first example is the Old Town of Lijiang. 30 00:02:34.870 --> 00:02:39.425 The Old Town of Lijiang, which is perfectly adapted to 31 00:02:39.425 --> 00:02:45.825 the uneven topography of this key commercial and strategic site, 32 00:02:45.825 --> 00:02:52.545 has retained a historic townscape of high quality and authenticity. 33 00:02:52.545 --> 00:02:59.905 Its architecture is noteworthy for the blending of elements from several cultures 34 00:02:59.905 --> 00:03:03.489 that have come together over many centuries. 35 00:03:03.489 --> 00:03:11.425 Lijiang also possesses an ancient water-supply system of great complexity 36 00:03:11.425 --> 00:03:17.313 and ingenuity that still functions effectively today. 37 00:03:18.145 --> 00:03:24.050 And based on the Criterion (v), The Old Town of Lijiang has integrated 38 00:03:24.050 --> 00:03:30.297 the mountains, rivers, trees and architecture to create a human habitat 39 00:03:30.297 --> 00:03:30.300 featuring the unity between man and nature. 40 00:03:30.300 --> 00:03:34.265 featuring the unity between man and nature. 41 00:03:34.265 --> 00:03:41.113 With mountains extending to the plain as the protective screen in the north 42 00:03:41.113 --> 00:03:44.441 and the plains in the east and south, 43 00:03:44.441 --> 00:03:54.553 the Old Town of Lijiang enjoys a sound geometrical relationship and ecological layout. 44 00:03:54.553 --> 00:04:00.761 A forked water system originates from the snow-capped mountain 45 00:04:00.761 --> 00:04:04.153 and runs through the villages and the farmland. 46 00:04:04.153 --> 00:04:08.953 Heilong Pool and the scattered wells and springs 47 00:04:08.953 --> 00:04:15.993 constitute a complete water system, meeting the needs for fire prevention, 48 00:04:15.993 --> 00:04:19.257 daily life and production in the town. 49 00:04:19.257 --> 00:04:25.145 Water plays an important role in the Old Town’s unique architectural style, 50 00:04:25.145 --> 00:04:32.185 urban layout and landscape as the main street and small alleys front 51 00:04:32.185 --> 00:04:39.475 onto the canals and some buildings and numerous bridges are 52 00:04:39.475 --> 00:04:41.779 constructed across the canals. 53 00:04:41.779 --> 00:04:48.800 As an excellent example of human habitat showing a harmony between man and nature, 54 00:04:48.800 --> 00:04:56.160 the Old Town is a remarkable tribute to human ingenuity in land use. 55 00:04:57.925 --> 00:05:04.325 So Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui–Xidi and Hongcun is another example 56 00:05:04.325 --> 00:05:08.101 I will talk about base on the criterion. 57 00:05:08.101 --> 00:05:22.175 The two traditional villages of Xidi and Hongcun preserve to a remarkable extent 58 00:05:22.175 --> 00:05:28.275 the appearance of non-urban settlements of a type that largely disappeared 59 00:05:28.275 --> 00:05:31.975 or was transformed during the last century. 60 00:05:31.975 --> 00:05:36.875 Their street plan, their architecture and decoration, 61 00:05:36.875 --> 00:05:42.075 and the integration of houses with comprehensive water systems are 62 00:05:42.075 --> 00:05:44.891 very unique surviving examples. 63 00:05:46.171 --> 00:05:49.900 And based on the Criterion (v), it's normally is 64 00:05:49.900 --> 00:05:53.850 that the traditional non-urban settlement of china, 65 00:05:53.850 --> 00:06:00.122 which have been a very large, exit disappeared during the past century, 66 00:06:00.122 --> 00:06:05.754 are exceptional, well preserved in the village of the Xidi and Hongcun. 67 00:06:05.754 --> 00:06:09.450 And we not only the Criterion (v), 68 00:06:09.450 --> 00:06:15.274 but the site also lists it based on the Criterion three and the Criterion four. 69 00:06:15.274 --> 00:06:23.978 Think about the period lecture and link this to two criteria, the period lecture. 70 00:06:23.978 --> 00:06:31.338 The villages of Xidi and Hongcun are graphic illustrations of 71 00:06:31.338 --> 00:06:36.074 a type of human settlement created during a feudal period 72 00:06:36.074 --> 00:06:40.490 and based on a prosperous trading economy 73 00:06:40.810 --> 00:06:45.418 The criteria four, in their buildings and their street patterns, 74 00:06:45.418 --> 00:06:51.370 the two villages of southern Anhui reflect the socio-economic structure 75 00:06:51.370 --> 00:06:56.490 of a long-lived settled period of Chinese history 76 00:06:57.706 --> 00:07:06.666 The last example I want to give you is the Lavaux, Vineyard Terraces in Switzerland, 77 00:07:06.666 --> 00:07:14.538 The Lavaux Vineyard Terraces, stretching for about 30 km 78 00:07:14.538 --> 00:07:20.234 along the south-facing northern shores of Lake Geneva, 79 00:07:20.234 --> 00:07:25.610 cover the lower slopes of the mountainside between the villages and the lake. 80 00:07:25.610 --> 00:07:32.842 Although there is some evidence that vines were grown in the area in Roman times, 81 00:07:32.842 --> 00:07:37.706 the present vine terraces can be traced back to the 11th century. 82 00:07:37.706 --> 00:07:42.442 It is an outstanding example of a centuries-long interaction 83 00:07:42.442 --> 00:07:49.098 between people and their environment, developed to optimize local resources 84 00:07:49.098 --> 00:07:54.346 so as to produce a highly valued wine that 85 00:07:54.346 --> 00:07:57.482 has always been important to the economy. 86 00:07:59.466 --> 00:08:09.258 Criterion (v): The Lavaux vineyard landscape is an outstanding example that 87 00:08:09.258 --> 00:08:13.610 displays centuries of interaction between people 88 00:08:13.610 --> 00:08:19.178 and their environment in a very specific and productive way, 89 00:08:19.242 --> 00:08:25.025 optimizing the local resources to produce a highly valued wine that 90 00:08:25.025 --> 00:08:28.425 was a significant part of the local economy. 91 00:08:28.425 --> 00:08:33.962 It is vulnerability in the face of fast-growing urban settlements has 92 00:08:33.962 --> 00:08:40.298 prompted protection measures strongly supported by local communities. 93 00:08:41.825 --> 00:08:47.329 And The Lavaux based on the Criterion three. 94 00:08:47.393 --> 00:08:50.849 And also link it to the period lecture. 95 00:08:50.913 --> 00:08:58.657 The Lavaux vineyard landscape demonstrates in a highly visible way its evolution 96 00:08:58.657 --> 00:09:01.985 and development over almost a millennium, 97 00:09:01.985 --> 00:09:05.775 through the well preserved landscape and buildings that 98 00:09:05.775 --> 00:09:06.025 demonstrate a continuation and evolution of 99 00:09:06.025 --> 00:09:10.100 demonstrate a continuation and evolution of 100 00:09:10.100 --> 00:09:14.772 longstanding cultural traditions, specific to its locality. 101 00:09:16.756 --> 00:09:20.148 And also based on Criterion (iv): 102 00:09:20.148 --> 00:09:24.180 The evolution of the Lavaux vineyard landscape, 103 00:09:24.180 --> 00:09:32.850 as evidenced on the ground, illustrates very geographically the story of patronage, 104 00:09:32.850 --> 00:09:38.772 control and protection of this highly valued wine growing area, 105 00:09:38.772 --> 00:09:45.275 all of which contributed substantially to the development of Lausanne 106 00:09:45.275 --> 00:09:52.475 and its Region and played a significant role in the history of the geo-cultural region.