WEBVTT 1 00:00:12.975 --> 00:00:16.175 Now we'll finish with a case study that 2 00:00:16.250 --> 00:00:20.625 I was involved in a number of years ago with colleagues. 3 00:00:22.650 --> 00:00:26.625 It's got this strange Australian name of Wingecarribee. 4 00:00:26.675 --> 00:00:30.275 Now that's the name of an aboriginal group of people 5 00:00:30.300 --> 00:00:32.750 who used to live in this area. 6 00:00:32.825 --> 00:00:36.950 And the area is for those of Australian geography, 7 00:00:37.050 --> 00:00:41.000 is between Sydney and Canberra where I live, 8 00:00:41.100 --> 00:00:43.825 this distance is about 300 kilometers. 9 00:00:43.825 --> 00:00:48.800 So the study area is in between Sydney and Canberra. 10 00:00:51.350 --> 00:00:56.675 This is an example where the approach that I've outlined to you, 11 00:00:56.675 --> 00:00:58.475 it was used. 12 00:00:58.625 --> 00:01:01.725 It's a process applied to a practical case 13 00:01:01.850 --> 00:01:07.800 in which research inquiry involved archival and on-site investigations. 14 00:01:08.775 --> 00:01:12.375 When you come to Wingecarribee Shire, let's look at the context. 15 00:01:12.675 --> 00:01:14.675 When you come to Wingecarribee Shire, 16 00:01:14.800 --> 00:01:19.850 is about 2700 square Kilometers in extent. 17 00:01:20.450 --> 00:01:23.344 it's part of what we call the tablelands region 18 00:01:23.344 --> 00:01:25.000 in New South Wales, 19 00:01:25.300 --> 00:01:28.150 as I say, midway between Sydney and Canberra. 20 00:01:29.650 --> 00:01:33.575 And the Shire or this is a region we called 21 00:01:33.700 --> 00:01:35.500 the shires in Australia, 22 00:01:36.025 --> 00:01:40.900 has a large number of items and places of heritage value, 23 00:01:41.075 --> 00:01:42.900 which is significant locally, 24 00:01:42.900 --> 00:01:45.275 regionally and nationally. 25 00:01:46.300 --> 00:01:47.975 And as a result, 26 00:01:47.975 --> 00:01:51.025 the area is a main tourist destination. 27 00:01:51.825 --> 00:01:54.647 And development pressures have been experienced 28 00:01:54.675 --> 00:01:58.025 due to overspill growth from Sydney. 29 00:01:58.300 --> 00:01:59.775 People are coming to live here, 30 00:01:59.825 --> 00:02:01.425 then commuting into Sydney, 31 00:02:01.425 --> 00:02:04.900 even though it's an hour on the train or more. 32 00:02:05.400 --> 00:02:09.575 And there's been concerned that the changes over the time, 33 00:02:09.625 --> 00:02:13.175 and lost to this kind of rural character, 34 00:02:13.725 --> 00:02:18.750 is sort of open pastoral landscape 35 00:02:19.925 --> 00:02:21.400 surrounded by 36 00:02:21.400 --> 00:02:25.183 eucalypti forest or woodland, 37 00:02:25.183 --> 00:02:26.575 which is quite dense. 38 00:02:27.725 --> 00:02:29.975 When European arrived, 39 00:02:29.975 --> 00:02:34.775 they started to settle in these less densely treed areas. 40 00:02:34.775 --> 00:02:36.475 They did remove some trees, 41 00:02:36.525 --> 00:02:39.875 or you see what you have to imagine here is these areas 42 00:02:39.900 --> 00:02:45.450 with scattered tall trees on them and tall grass growing underneath. 43 00:02:46.400 --> 00:02:49.175 And that was an aboriginal cultural landscape 44 00:02:49.200 --> 00:02:53.425 as a result of thousands of years of burning. 45 00:02:53.425 --> 00:02:56.100 Here's a photograph, 46 00:02:56.100 --> 00:03:00.278 and this land was settled by this man. 47 00:03:00.278 --> 00:03:02.872 And there's a plaque there on this view 48 00:03:02.872 --> 00:03:07.500 commemorating this man settling in this area. 49 00:03:07.975 --> 00:03:10.625 And what are you doing a study like this, 50 00:03:10.625 --> 00:03:11.850 And you got on the side, 51 00:03:11.850 --> 00:03:12.950 you could use your eyes, 52 00:03:12.950 --> 00:03:15.700 you could be and the background you had, 53 00:03:15.700 --> 00:03:19.750 you might think this is just a jumble of stones, stones 54 00:03:19.925 --> 00:03:20.850 but it's not. 55 00:03:22.650 --> 00:03:27.625 It's done by the side of this road here. 56 00:03:28.250 --> 00:03:32.025 And this was a road built by convict labor, 57 00:03:32.025 --> 00:03:36.175 because convicts were shifted from England to Australia 58 00:03:36.475 --> 00:03:39.500 in the early 19th century. 59 00:03:39.500 --> 00:03:41.600 And they were put to work on the land, 60 00:03:41.675 --> 00:03:43.325 building roads and other things. 61 00:03:43.350 --> 00:03:46.575 Because this is steep land on this side, 62 00:03:46.575 --> 00:03:49.175 there are water covers training 63 00:03:49.200 --> 00:03:55.793 or this is one of the colbert from the public area. 64 00:03:56.325 --> 00:03:59.150 And the local people value this sort of thing, 65 00:03:59.150 --> 00:04:00.950 is part of their history. 66 00:04:01.250 --> 00:04:04.600 You often get the engineers coming along 67 00:04:04.600 --> 00:04:05.750 you know, 68 00:04:06.400 --> 00:04:08.725 and turning these into a concrete type. 69 00:04:08.850 --> 00:04:11.600 One of the things the local said when we're doing this study, 70 00:04:11.600 --> 00:04:17.250 we want these cultures to be saved. 71 00:04:18.425 --> 00:04:23.850 So in response to growth population pressures and visit, 72 00:04:23.850 --> 00:04:26.675 this is very popular with visitors in spring, 73 00:04:26.900 --> 00:04:29.350 summer, and autumn. 74 00:04:29.750 --> 00:04:32.825 And to ensure that the historic character, 75 00:04:32.950 --> 00:04:34.525 the Shire was not eroded. 76 00:04:34.750 --> 00:04:42.800 The Shire Council got funding for a heritage study back in 1994. 77 00:04:43.725 --> 00:04:49.075 And I was part of a study team to inform practice 78 00:04:49.075 --> 00:04:51.275 and real-world decisions. 79 00:04:51.300 --> 00:04:56.050 What was the significant parts of this landscape for the future? 80 00:04:57.300 --> 00:05:00.250 And the main aims of the study included 81 00:05:00.325 --> 00:05:05.674 those of identifying and analyzing environmental heritage of the Shire, 82 00:05:06.200 --> 00:05:09.200 and providing practical record recommendations 83 00:05:09.200 --> 00:05:12.950 for the conservation and management of its heritage resources. 84 00:05:13.475 --> 00:05:17.625 And a major component of the overall study was 85 00:05:18.000 --> 00:05:21.300 historic cultural landscape assessment involved. 86 00:05:22.625 --> 00:05:26.600 It involved me as a landscape historian, 87 00:05:26.600 --> 00:05:28.075 a landscape architect, 88 00:05:28.300 --> 00:05:30.425 and an archaeologist. 89 00:05:30.575 --> 00:05:34.875 We had look at landscape like this, 90 00:05:34.875 --> 00:05:37.950 that extended over 800 square kilometers, 91 00:05:38.250 --> 00:05:39.821 40 by 20, 92 00:05:39.821 --> 00:05:41.100 it's a big area, 93 00:05:41.100 --> 00:05:42.900 and start to get troops. 94 00:05:42.900 --> 00:05:43.925 So what did we do? 95 00:05:43.950 --> 00:05:45.425 We look at the documentation. 96 00:05:45.425 --> 00:05:47.200 Then we went out on site. 97 00:05:47.600 --> 00:05:49.525 For me, this is always, 98 00:05:49.850 --> 00:05:51.525 this is the best part of it. 99 00:05:51.525 --> 00:05:53.325 You go out there and you start looking. 100 00:05:53.325 --> 00:05:54.975 You think, look, there's something there, 101 00:05:54.975 --> 00:05:56.500 I need to research that. 102 00:05:56.750 --> 00:05:58.700 And you take photographs, 103 00:05:58.700 --> 00:06:02.025 make sure you document where all the photographs are. 104 00:06:02.425 --> 00:06:09.425 So the apart from being one of the earliest parts settled after Sydney, 105 00:06:09.500 --> 00:06:12.050 as people came here around 106 00:06:12.050 --> 00:06:17.758 in about 1820. 107 00:06:20.425 --> 00:06:23.350 There are historic homestead, 108 00:06:23.600 --> 00:06:25.675 this one called Rossby Park, 109 00:06:26.200 --> 00:06:30.525 sitting in the middle of this kind of landscape. 110 00:06:30.700 --> 00:06:36.400 There are other historic properties with important historic tree planting. 111 00:06:36.400 --> 00:06:40.475 This is a driveway into 1820s property. 112 00:06:40.500 --> 00:06:45.700 And these English elms that were planted here 113 00:06:45.700 --> 00:06:50.450 over a hundred hundred and 2 hundred and 30 years ago. 114 00:06:50.550 --> 00:06:53.150 There are small towns and settlements 115 00:06:53.150 --> 00:06:58.175 like this one here of a place called barrel. 116 00:06:59.750 --> 00:07:05.325 So what we've got is a study area 40 kilometers long, 117 00:07:05.325 --> 00:07:07.742 by about 20 kilometers wide, 118 00:07:08.575 --> 00:07:12.300 occupying this undulating hill and valley topography, 119 00:07:12.950 --> 00:07:16.460 at a height above sea level about 650 to 850 120 00:07:16.460 --> 00:07:19.473 meters above sea level, 121 00:07:19.850 --> 00:07:22.500 bisect it by the Wingecarribee river. 122 00:07:24.125 --> 00:07:26.769 The undulating topography is punctuated by 123 00:07:26.769 --> 00:07:29.000 a number of landmark hills, 124 00:07:29.000 --> 00:07:32.625 and its historically significant towns and villages. 125 00:07:33.900 --> 00:07:36.225 And the area is almost, as I said, 126 00:07:36.225 --> 00:07:38.850 also famous for its historic gardens. 127 00:07:39.150 --> 00:07:41.850 And in spring, 128 00:07:41.850 --> 00:07:45.150 people flock there to go to look at these historic gardens, 129 00:07:45.825 --> 00:07:48.075 and the place becomes inundated, 130 00:07:48.275 --> 00:07:50.900 not quite to the extent of places in China, 131 00:07:50.900 --> 00:07:52.600 but it becomes crowded. 132 00:07:53.025 --> 00:07:57.925 And the central rural area setting is surrounded, 133 00:07:57.925 --> 00:08:01.200 as I said, by these you clip cloud hills. 134 00:08:01.525 --> 00:08:04.175 So this was the study method that 135 00:08:04.175 --> 00:08:07.175 we use based on that other 136 00:08:07.175 --> 00:08:09.750 that long big diagram that I showed you. 137 00:08:09.750 --> 00:08:13.115 Looking at the documentary evidence, site visits, 138 00:08:13.850 --> 00:08:17.550 then looking at settlement patterns and settlement themes. 139 00:08:17.725 --> 00:08:22.775 Then we divided the area into a series of cultural landscape units, 140 00:08:23.150 --> 00:08:25.175 then assessed each unit, 141 00:08:25.500 --> 00:08:28.744 according to these criteria, 142 00:08:28.925 --> 00:08:33.150 then analyzed interpretive value, associative value, 143 00:08:33.275 --> 00:08:36.575 continuity, and integrity. 144 00:08:37.150 --> 00:08:42.950 Then we define key historic units and towns, 145 00:08:43.175 --> 00:08:49.075 then proposed conservation and management guidelines. 146 00:08:50.300 --> 00:08:56.445 Instead of using all the criteria 147 00:08:56.450 --> 00:08:59.025 in that big diagram that I showed you. 148 00:09:00.125 --> 00:09:04.289 we sided because it's such a large area, 149 00:09:04.325 --> 00:09:08.800 and the units are fairly big to look at overall landscape patterns, 150 00:09:08.850 --> 00:09:10.246 building clusters, 151 00:09:10.246 --> 00:09:13.525 circulation routes, and historical associations. 152 00:09:13.775 --> 00:09:16.225 Circulation routes are particularly important 153 00:09:16.325 --> 00:09:19.850 because the early settlers explored this area 154 00:09:19.950 --> 00:09:23.575 following aboriginal roots that have been there for 155 00:09:23.675 --> 00:09:26.275 (you know) thousands of years. 156 00:09:26.475 --> 00:09:29.775 But you can see from the slides that I showed 157 00:09:29.775 --> 00:09:31.425 these overall landscape patterns. 158 00:09:31.475 --> 00:09:35.875 It's a fairly large-scale landscape 159 00:09:36.175 --> 00:09:40.125 with large what we call paddock of fields. 160 00:09:43.650 --> 00:09:48.925 And we looked at historical resources. 161 00:09:50.500 --> 00:09:59.325 One of them was this 1836 painting of frosty park, 162 00:10:00.200 --> 00:10:02.650 homestead that I showed you. 163 00:10:03.075 --> 00:10:06.275 And here it is sitting in the landscape. 164 00:10:06.525 --> 00:10:08.850 There's throws be park on the top of the hill. 165 00:10:09.325 --> 00:10:15.250 And the painter is on a small hill looking across this landscape. 166 00:10:16.200 --> 00:10:20.363 We almost find the exact spot 167 00:10:20.363 --> 00:10:23.150 where the artist had stood to sketch it, 168 00:10:23.200 --> 00:10:26.000 and then go back to the studio to paint it. 169 00:10:26.125 --> 00:10:28.675 And this is it because it's changed a bit. 170 00:10:28.775 --> 00:10:33.350 This down or ponds barn weren't there then. 171 00:10:33.500 --> 00:10:40.125 But there are the shepherd looking after his sheep and castle. 172 00:10:40.500 --> 00:10:44.050 And there are still sheep and cattle in this area. 173 00:10:44.050 --> 00:10:49.175 There's thrust be part, there is on this painting. 174 00:10:49.375 --> 00:10:50.925 You can see in front of it, 175 00:10:50.925 --> 00:10:53.750 this is great sweep of grass going down. 176 00:10:53.950 --> 00:10:55.700 Now that would have been, 177 00:10:56.675 --> 00:10:59.000 as it was when Europeans arrived. 178 00:10:59.350 --> 00:11:04.850 This area often had large grassy areas that were open, 179 00:11:05.000 --> 00:11:07.575 that were due to aboriginal burning. 180 00:11:07.725 --> 00:11:11.400 And the average of people control the landscape. 181 00:11:11.475 --> 00:11:15.750 They would have lightly wooded areas and the areas cleared of trees. 182 00:11:15.850 --> 00:11:17.775 So they could hunt kangaroos, 183 00:11:17.775 --> 00:11:18.875 and they can hunt. 184 00:11:18.875 --> 00:11:23.600 They can get the kangaroos out or into these open areas to hunt for them.