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So I want to conclude, I want to end today by looking at one last example for you.

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 But I want to stress with this example, 

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Is that visitor responses to sites can range from the banal and very complex? 

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Across that four and a half thousand interviews,

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 we had a lot of very banal, a little bit complex responses.

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 But I want to also illustrate that you could have those conflicts in a single visit. 

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One of the points that I want to stress with this example is the issue of choice,

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 the visitors make choices. 

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They choose what they're going to visit. 

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And then they choose how they going to behave 

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and how they're going to feel when they get there. 

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People engage in active choice. 

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So, this visitor is visiting James Madison Montpelier that's the same site 

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I showed you before.

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 James Madison helped write the constitution of the United States,

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 very important father figure for the American nation, also a slave owner. 

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So I'm talking to a middle aged white woman who was from the south, 

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from the southern parts of America, that for force slavery in the Civil War.

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 And like many others, she talked about touring, taking the tours into group here,

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 taking that tour through the site, and she says she feels humbled, 

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totally in awe of Madison's right mind 

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and how he compiled everything to come up with the words, 

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with the people put into the constitution. 

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Dolly, that is Madison's wife. 

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She was so very shy.

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 And there was such a great blend, 

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such a beautiful marriage because they bought so much to each other. 

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It's really great wondrous, humbling thing to see. 

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And I asked what has been the site mean to you? 

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It's my life. It's who I am, of course, as an American, 

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I said you must be here to know who you are. 

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Because the document, 

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that's the constitution she's talking about established who we are as Americans, 

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and therefore we must build on that every day we live.

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 So it's very important to American national identity. 

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And she talked about effective response

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 she had sitting with other members of the two groups in the room 

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in which Madison worked on the constitution.

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And she told me about his wife, Dolly, 

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and how she was very proud of Dolly, 

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because apparently when the white house 

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was burned down by the the British in eighteen twelve, 

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Dolly risky portrait of George Washington,

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 the first president to talk about what a hero she was. 

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So she was very proud of Madison and his wife. 

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Nonetheless, she took time out of the tour to visit the plantation's railway site. 

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This is a railway site on the plantation

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 in which they brought goods in and to put goods away from the plantation,

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 of course, including slaves. 

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And you notice here. 

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This is a relatively recent symbol of what they call the Jim Crow Era, 

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era of segregation, in which there were wedding room for whites, 

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and a wedding room for colored, 

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what I called colored people. 

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So she says she took time out of the talk is it not part of the tour. 

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She left the tour to go visit the plantations railway station. 

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And she informed me that she deliberately walked through as a white woman. 

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She deliberately walk through the colored door,

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 so that she could both remember and experience pathetically 

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what her black childhood school friend had experienced 

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as a child growing up in Southern America. 

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She outlines her tears to me

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 how experience walking through that door was intense and effective. 

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And she used this emotional response to reflect on the racism in her family 

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that had prevented her from bringing her friend home from school.

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 She is not allowed to play with her friend after school, 

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because her mother said, ''you don't play with black people".

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And she thought about the limitations. 

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What was the limitations being white in the south world 

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and what that limitations had placed on her friendship?

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 This was an effective moment, 

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but as a moment that she sought something she looked for

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 and it reaffirmed her resolve to question her own racism. 

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So she says that talking about going through the door,

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"I'm a southerner (sighs). 

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We rebelled against our own nation to preserve state's rights. 

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Slavery was a big part of my family's heritage and to see it abolished is a great joy. 

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But to learn how it was conducted, you see very little of that in any other tour you get. 

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This shows you the degrees of slavery and 

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the Jim Crow Museum down there at the train station (sighs), 

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I go through the coloured door.

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 I lived that. My dearest friend in high school was a black girl

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 and my mother wouldn't let her come to my house (sobs)'', and she starts to cry. 

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I really start to cry, at this point, she is on my shoulder crying. 

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She stopping. And she said... it's unclear because it muffled on my shoulder, 

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''you'd die to get rid of these feelings to people. 

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I've got my family, some of them they still won't..."

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 Basically, they still won't engage with black people. 

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"Civil War isn't over. 

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I'm third generation on my mother's side

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 from the war and believe we were raised to know that we were different".

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 That is different from black people.

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"And I fight that, coming here helps you do that."

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So coming to the site helps her to resolve,

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 to continue to fight the racism with society and her family. 

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Now this interview, this tourist was always deeply engaged with the site.

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 She moved from being invested in normative narratives of American nationhood  

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to explicit for millions self examination of racism. 

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So again, what is the example stresses for me 

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and the point I want to live with you is that people exercise choice.

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 They choose, as I said, 

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to visit sites and not visit others. 

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And one another side, people make choices to feel one not feel.

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 And feeling is very much believing how we engage your emotions, 

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as a consequences for the way we engage in social debates and cultural practices. 

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If we feel that we are getting an authentic feeling and the pathetic emotion from the site. 

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The net authenticate or legitimizes, 

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the narratives and memories and the commemorations undertaken in that site. 

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It authenticates and legitimizes the meanings of social meanings and 

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political social values that we take away from it. 

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So understanding of the agency of individuals, 

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understanding the agency of tourists

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 and the emotional aspects of choices that people make

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in their interactions with heritage as tourists,

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 I think it's crucial in understanding the ways in which

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whether the past is used to give meaning in the present 

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and the ways to energize this particular meanings and forms of historical consciousness,

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 or indeed claims for recognition,

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 or indeed the perpetuation of this recognition, 

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and the way in general energizes and legitimizes,

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 affirmations of self and citizenship and belonging. 

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Thank you.