WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:02.886 align:middle line:90% [MUSIC PLAYING] 00:00:02.886 --> 00:00:07.700 align:middle line:90% 00:00:07.700 --> 00:00:09.180 align:middle line:84% PIYUSHA MAJUMDAR: In this section, 00:00:09.180 --> 00:00:13.490 align:middle line:84% we will be exploring different approaches to engage community 00:00:13.490 --> 00:00:17.930 align:middle line:84% in any health program, starting with explanation of SEED-SCALE 00:00:17.930 --> 00:00:19.070 align:middle line:90% model-- 00:00:19.070 --> 00:00:23.840 align:middle line:84% SEED, which is an acronym for Self Evaluation for Effective 00:00:23.840 --> 00:00:26.750 align:middle line:84% Decision-making, and SCALE, which 00:00:26.750 --> 00:00:30.170 align:middle line:84% is the acronym for a System for Communities 00:00:30.170 --> 00:00:34.780 align:middle line:90% to Adapt Learning and Expand. 00:00:34.780 --> 00:00:37.220 align:middle line:84% I want you to deliberate over some 00:00:37.220 --> 00:00:40.780 align:middle line:84% of the effective approaches or tools 00:00:40.780 --> 00:00:44.980 align:middle line:84% to engage community in any public health program. 00:00:44.980 --> 00:00:48.340 align:middle line:84% Just take over it and then I'll tell you 00:00:48.340 --> 00:00:51.370 align:middle line:84% about some of the effective approaches 00:00:51.370 --> 00:00:54.830 align:middle line:84% that we use during public health programs. 00:00:54.830 --> 00:00:59.770 align:middle line:84% So the approaches like informing the community 00:00:59.770 --> 00:01:02.800 align:middle line:84% of policy directions of the government, 00:01:02.800 --> 00:01:05.800 align:middle line:84% consulting the community as a part of process 00:01:05.800 --> 00:01:10.420 align:middle line:84% to develop government policies, or build a community awareness 00:01:10.420 --> 00:01:11.860 align:middle line:90% and understanding. 00:01:11.860 --> 00:01:16.150 align:middle line:84% Involving the community through a range of mechanisms 00:01:16.150 --> 00:01:19.900 align:middle line:84% to ensure that issues and concerns are understood 00:01:19.900 --> 00:01:24.400 align:middle line:84% and considered as a part of the decision-making process. 00:01:24.400 --> 00:01:27.910 align:middle line:84% Collaborating with the community by developing partnership 00:01:27.910 --> 00:01:31.650 align:middle line:84% to formulate options and provide recommendation. 00:01:31.650 --> 00:01:36.400 align:middle line:84% Then comes sharing leadership or empowering the community 00:01:36.400 --> 00:01:42.400 align:middle line:84% to make decisions and to implement or manage change. 00:01:42.400 --> 00:01:45.430 align:middle line:90% The seven tasks of SEED-SCALE. 00:01:45.430 --> 00:01:47.620 align:middle line:84% As you can see in the slide, we're 00:01:47.620 --> 00:01:51.280 align:middle line:84% going to go through with one of the cycles of community 00:01:51.280 --> 00:01:54.600 align:middle line:84% engagement from a different school of thought. 00:01:54.600 --> 00:01:56.650 align:middle line:84% The one which you're seeing in this slide 00:01:56.650 --> 00:01:59.370 align:middle line:90% is from future generation. 00:01:59.370 --> 00:02:03.570 align:middle line:84% It shows that there are seven tasks of SEED-SCALE. 00:02:03.570 --> 00:02:06.830 align:middle line:84% SEED-SCALE may mean different things. 00:02:06.830 --> 00:02:11.850 align:middle line:84% In a more applied sense of program design or a system 00:02:11.850 --> 00:02:15.930 align:middle line:84% management, SEED-SCALE operates as a conceptual framework 00:02:15.930 --> 00:02:20.490 align:middle line:84% for designing, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation 00:02:20.490 --> 00:02:24.570 align:middle line:84% of sustainable community-based development activities. 00:02:24.570 --> 00:02:29.010 align:middle line:84% It must, broadly speaking, yet operate as a period of change 00:02:29.010 --> 00:02:32.370 align:middle line:84% with the underlying presumption that social change 00:02:32.370 --> 00:02:36.060 align:middle line:84% is a result of enabling or redirecting 00:02:36.060 --> 00:02:40.980 align:middle line:84% human or social energy in a cyclical, yet relatively 00:02:40.980 --> 00:02:44.880 align:middle line:84% growing as opposed to the linear fashion 00:02:44.880 --> 00:02:47.220 align:middle line:84% As you can see, community process 00:02:47.220 --> 00:02:51.880 align:middle line:84% can be complex, challenging, and labor intensive. 00:02:51.880 --> 00:02:54.840 align:middle line:84% However, there are several underlying principles 00:02:54.840 --> 00:02:58.470 align:middle line:84% that can assist health professional, researcher, 00:02:58.470 --> 00:03:01.620 align:middle line:84% policymaker, and community leader 00:03:01.620 --> 00:03:05.350 align:middle line:84% in planning, designing, implementing, and evaluating 00:03:05.350 --> 00:03:07.950 align:middle line:90% community engagement effort. 00:03:07.950 --> 00:03:12.720 align:middle line:84% So the SEED-SCALE is based on the four principles that are 00:03:12.720 --> 00:03:15.240 align:middle line:90% necessary for social change. 00:03:15.240 --> 00:03:17.460 align:middle line:84% The first principle says that you 00:03:17.460 --> 00:03:20.610 align:middle line:84% have to build from community success. 00:03:20.610 --> 00:03:23.130 align:middle line:84% So people's energy and creativity 00:03:23.130 --> 00:03:26.730 align:middle line:84% expand as they realize that they are capable of controlling 00:03:26.730 --> 00:03:29.100 align:middle line:90% the challenge in their life. 00:03:29.100 --> 00:03:31.200 align:middle line:84% One success becomes the stepping stone 00:03:31.200 --> 00:03:35.760 align:middle line:84% for the subsequent success and generate community confidence 00:03:35.760 --> 00:03:37.530 align:middle line:90% and forward momentum. 00:03:37.530 --> 00:03:40.770 align:middle line:84% So identifying and then building on success 00:03:40.770 --> 00:03:44.940 align:middle line:84% is an approach that focused on building upon the existing 00:03:44.940 --> 00:03:47.420 align:middle line:90% strength in the community. 00:03:47.420 --> 00:03:49.990 align:middle line:84% This is a forward-moving constructive effort 00:03:49.990 --> 00:03:53.050 align:middle line:84% that focus attention on the community asset 00:03:53.050 --> 00:03:54.970 align:middle line:90% rather than need. 00:03:54.970 --> 00:03:57.760 align:middle line:84% The second principle of SEED-SCALE 00:03:57.760 --> 00:04:00.700 align:middle line:84% is based on three-way partnership. 00:04:00.700 --> 00:04:05.410 align:middle line:84% Any community energy mobilizes by itself. 00:04:05.410 --> 00:04:08.290 align:middle line:84% Community need help from the official who 00:04:08.290 --> 00:04:12.130 align:middle line:84% can adjust policies and regulation to facilitate 00:04:12.130 --> 00:04:17.680 align:middle line:84% cooperation among factions and channel external resources. 00:04:17.680 --> 00:04:20.140 align:middle line:84% Community also needs help from the expert who 00:04:20.140 --> 00:04:24.580 align:middle line:84% can build capacity by training, introduce new ideas, 00:04:24.580 --> 00:04:27.050 align:middle line:90% and help monitor change. 00:04:27.050 --> 00:04:30.530 align:middle line:84% So community development study worldwide 00:04:30.530 --> 00:04:33.760 align:middle line:84% shows that success result when community 00:04:33.760 --> 00:04:37.040 align:middle line:84% vote from the bottom up, officials vote 00:04:37.040 --> 00:04:42.260 align:middle line:84% from the top down, and an expert vote from outside-in. 00:04:42.260 --> 00:04:45.300 align:middle line:84% So all the three roles are needed. 00:04:45.300 --> 00:04:47.525 align:middle line:84% So this kind of a three-way partnership 00:04:47.525 --> 00:04:51.090 align:middle line:84% is needed for any kind of a project. 00:04:51.090 --> 00:04:56.390 align:middle line:84% The third principle is evidence-based decision-making. 00:04:56.390 --> 00:05:02.180 align:middle line:84% So any action is effective when grounded in objective data. 00:05:02.180 --> 00:05:05.510 align:middle line:84% Lacking such data, participant will make decision 00:05:05.510 --> 00:05:08.870 align:middle line:84% on the basis of transitory opinion. 00:05:08.870 --> 00:05:10.850 align:middle line:84% And these tend to be most influenced 00:05:10.850 --> 00:05:14.420 align:middle line:84% by whosoever talk most convincingly 00:05:14.420 --> 00:05:18.080 align:middle line:84% or whoever holds more power at the moment. 00:05:18.080 --> 00:05:21.950 align:middle line:84% The data gathering is very important, 00:05:21.950 --> 00:05:25.580 align:middle line:84% especially using the key indicator of a SEED survey. 00:05:25.580 --> 00:05:28.790 align:middle line:84% And it's the process that can start simply and develop 00:05:28.790 --> 00:05:31.880 align:middle line:90% great sophistication over time. 00:05:31.880 --> 00:05:36.110 align:middle line:84% The fourth principle for SEED-SCALE 00:05:36.110 --> 00:05:39.740 align:middle line:90% is change in community behavior. 00:05:39.740 --> 00:05:42.170 align:middle line:84% People can come together in partnership, 00:05:42.170 --> 00:05:44.750 align:middle line:84% they can agree on objective data. 00:05:44.750 --> 00:05:47.750 align:middle line:84% But to achieve a lasting result, they 00:05:47.750 --> 00:05:50.960 align:middle line:90% must also change their behavior. 00:05:50.960 --> 00:05:53.400 align:middle line:84% So these are the four main principles 00:05:53.400 --> 00:05:57.560 align:middle line:90% of a SEED-SCALE model. 00:05:57.560 --> 00:06:02.990 align:middle line:84% So in the slide, we are showing the seven tasks which 00:06:02.990 --> 00:06:06.950 align:middle line:90% is associated with SEED-SCALE. 00:06:06.950 --> 00:06:09.860 align:middle line:84% So starting with creating or reshaping 00:06:09.860 --> 00:06:15.380 align:middle line:84% a local coordinating community to identify the local success, 00:06:15.380 --> 00:06:19.250 align:middle line:84% then comes adapting the success from elsewhere. 00:06:19.250 --> 00:06:22.490 align:middle line:84% You have to gather the local evidence, 00:06:22.490 --> 00:06:28.040 align:middle line:84% create an action plan, and then partner each implement action, 00:06:28.040 --> 00:06:30.710 align:middle line:84% and the last one is mid-course correction 00:06:30.710 --> 00:06:34.560 align:middle line:90% to strengthen four principles. 00:06:34.560 --> 00:06:37.090 align:middle line:84% So there's no right way of doing this process, 00:06:37.090 --> 00:06:40.300 align:middle line:84% and the steps do not always take place one 00:06:40.300 --> 00:06:43.230 align:middle line:90% after another in this order. 00:06:43.230 --> 00:06:47.260 align:middle line:84% So the forthcoming slide, we will be discussing more 00:06:47.260 --> 00:06:49.960 align:middle line:90% about the three phases. 00:06:49.960 --> 00:06:54.040 align:middle line:84% First one is planning, second is implementation or management, 00:06:54.040 --> 00:06:57.840 align:middle line:84% and third is evaluation or reflection. 00:06:57.840 --> 00:07:02.230 align:middle line:84% We're going to discuss the first phase of SEED-SCALE, 00:07:02.230 --> 00:07:04.740 align:middle line:90% which is the planning phase. 00:07:04.740 --> 00:07:08.910 align:middle line:84% So the main principle, which is being followed in the planning 00:07:08.910 --> 00:07:13.350 align:middle line:84% phase, is you have to be very clear about the purpose 00:07:13.350 --> 00:07:17.070 align:middle line:84% or the goal of the engagement effort and the population 00:07:17.070 --> 00:07:19.860 align:middle line:84% of the community you want to engage. 00:07:19.860 --> 00:07:23.580 align:middle line:84% You have to become knowledgeable about the community's culture, 00:07:23.580 --> 00:07:27.930 align:middle line:84% economic condition, social network, political and power 00:07:27.930 --> 00:07:33.440 align:middle line:84% structure, norms and values, demographic trend, history, 00:07:33.440 --> 00:07:36.570 align:middle line:84% and experience with effort by outside group 00:07:36.570 --> 00:07:39.210 align:middle line:90% to engage in various program. 00:07:39.210 --> 00:07:42.000 align:middle line:84% Apart from this, you have to also learn 00:07:42.000 --> 00:07:45.330 align:middle line:84% about a community's perception of those initiating 00:07:45.330 --> 00:07:50.340 align:middle line:84% the engagement activity then establish relationships, 00:07:50.340 --> 00:07:54.720 align:middle line:84% build trust, work with formal and informal leaders, 00:07:54.720 --> 00:07:58.490 align:middle line:84% seek their commitment in mobilizing the community. 00:07:58.490 --> 00:08:00.180 align:middle line:84% And last among principles, you have 00:08:00.180 --> 00:08:05.100 align:middle line:84% to map and leverage on the existing program for community 00:08:05.100 --> 00:08:08.790 align:middle line:84% engagement mechanism, the program which is already 00:08:08.790 --> 00:08:13.500 align:middle line:84% running, like routine immunization campaign or HIV 00:08:13.500 --> 00:08:15.250 align:middle line:90% programs. 00:08:15.250 --> 00:08:20.610 align:middle line:84% Now, in this slide, as you can see, in the planning phase 00:08:20.610 --> 00:08:25.350 align:middle line:84% you can see there are four red rectangular boxes. 00:08:25.350 --> 00:08:30.150 align:middle line:84% So the first four activities is to be undertaken 00:08:30.150 --> 00:08:32.659 align:middle line:90% for the planning phase. 00:08:32.659 --> 00:08:36.840 align:middle line:84% So the implementation and management. 00:08:36.840 --> 00:08:39.900 align:middle line:84% So before actually doing this, there 00:08:39.900 --> 00:08:42.860 align:middle line:84% are certain principles which need to followed. 00:08:42.860 --> 00:08:46.910 align:middle line:84% We have to go to the community, establish relationships 00:08:46.910 --> 00:08:49.980 align:middle line:84% with them, build trust with them, 00:08:49.980 --> 00:08:52.620 align:middle line:84% work with formal and informal leadership, 00:08:52.620 --> 00:08:54.780 align:middle line:84% and seek commitment from the community 00:08:54.780 --> 00:08:58.410 align:middle line:84% organization and leaders to create processes 00:08:58.410 --> 00:09:00.870 align:middle line:90% for mobilizing the community. 00:09:00.870 --> 00:09:04.950 align:middle line:84% Just remember and accept that collective self-determination 00:09:04.950 --> 00:09:07.110 align:middle line:84% is the responsibility and the right 00:09:07.110 --> 00:09:11.460 align:middle line:84% of all people in the community, and no external entity 00:09:11.460 --> 00:09:14.550 align:middle line:84% should assume it can bestow on a community 00:09:14.550 --> 00:09:18.150 align:middle line:84% the power to act in its own self-respect. 00:09:18.150 --> 00:09:22.020 align:middle line:84% We have to recognize and respect diversity and ensure 00:09:22.020 --> 00:09:26.070 align:middle line:84% that the most vulnerable are reached and engaged. 00:09:26.070 --> 00:09:29.880 align:middle line:84% Identification and mobilization of asset and strength 00:09:29.880 --> 00:09:33.060 align:middle line:84% in developing the community's capacity and resources 00:09:33.060 --> 00:09:35.880 align:middle line:84% to make decisions and take action, 00:09:35.880 --> 00:09:39.180 align:middle line:84% then empowerment of community capacity building. 00:09:39.180 --> 00:09:43.110 align:middle line:84% It's all about promoting the capacity of local community 00:09:43.110 --> 00:09:47.400 align:middle line:84% to develop, implement, and sustain their own solution 00:09:47.400 --> 00:09:49.590 align:middle line:84% to create a problem in a way that 00:09:49.590 --> 00:09:53.810 align:middle line:84% helps them to shape and exercise control over their physical, 00:09:53.810 --> 00:09:58.140 align:middle line:84% social, economic, and cultural environment. 00:09:58.140 --> 00:10:01.800 align:middle line:84% Now, there are certain individual and institutional 00:10:01.800 --> 00:10:06.030 align:middle line:84% resources, such as facilities, material, skill, 00:10:06.030 --> 00:10:07.920 align:middle line:90% and economic bar. 00:10:07.920 --> 00:10:10.890 align:middle line:84% All can be mobilized for community-held decision-making 00:10:10.890 --> 00:10:12.510 align:middle line:90% in action. 00:10:12.510 --> 00:10:14.760 align:middle line:84% So community member and institution 00:10:14.760 --> 00:10:17.820 align:middle line:84% should be viewed as resources to bring about change 00:10:17.820 --> 00:10:20.160 align:middle line:84% and take action, of course, depending 00:10:20.160 --> 00:10:23.190 align:middle line:84% on the trigger for the engagement process. 00:10:23.190 --> 00:10:28.860 align:middle line:84% For example, a funded mandate was a more grassroots effort, 00:10:28.860 --> 00:10:32.100 align:middle line:84% so resources are likely to be quite varied. 00:10:32.100 --> 00:10:33.900 align:middle line:84% Although it is essential to begin 00:10:33.900 --> 00:10:36.900 align:middle line:84% by using existing resources, the literature 00:10:36.900 --> 00:10:39.490 align:middle line:84% on the capacity building and correlation 00:10:39.490 --> 00:10:42.240 align:middle line:84% stresses that engagement is more likely to be 00:10:42.240 --> 00:10:46.590 align:middle line:84% sustained when new resources and capacity are developed. 00:10:46.590 --> 00:10:50.280 align:middle line:84% So engaging the community in making decisions about health 00:10:50.280 --> 00:10:54.360 align:middle line:84% and taking action in that arena may involve the provision 00:10:54.360 --> 00:10:59.220 align:middle line:84% of expert and resources to help community and develop 00:10:59.220 --> 00:11:01.590 align:middle line:90% the necessary capacity. 00:11:01.590 --> 00:11:04.650 align:middle line:84% Not only capacity, but also the infrastructure 00:11:04.650 --> 00:11:09.960 align:middle line:84% to analyze the situation, make decision, and take action. 00:11:09.960 --> 00:11:12.120 align:middle line:84% And in the implementation part, you 00:11:12.120 --> 00:11:14.460 align:middle line:84% have to be prepared to release control 00:11:14.460 --> 00:11:17.560 align:middle line:84% of action and intervention to the community. 00:11:17.560 --> 00:11:20.940 align:middle line:84% And just be flexible to meet the challenging 00:11:20.940 --> 00:11:25.570 align:middle line:84% needs or the changing need of the community. 00:11:25.570 --> 00:11:29.220 align:middle line:84% So these are the things that has to be kept into consideration 00:11:29.220 --> 00:11:32.770 align:middle line:90% while implementing any project. 00:11:32.770 --> 00:11:37.910 align:middle line:84% In this slide, we're going to discuss about the last phase, 00:11:37.910 --> 00:11:40.220 align:middle line:90% which is the evaluation. 00:11:40.220 --> 00:11:44.590 align:middle line:84% And as you can see in the circle of a SEED-SCALE task, 00:11:44.590 --> 00:11:51.610 align:middle line:84% the last part is mid-course correction for strengthening. 00:11:51.610 --> 00:11:53.200 align:middle line:84% So there are certain things which 00:11:53.200 --> 00:11:57.520 align:middle line:84% has to be done for evaluation or reflection. 00:11:57.520 --> 00:12:00.160 align:middle line:84% Share your data with the community. 00:12:00.160 --> 00:12:03.100 align:middle line:84% Tell them what you've collected so far 00:12:03.100 --> 00:12:07.360 align:middle line:84% or what are the things which is existing in the community, 00:12:07.360 --> 00:12:11.350 align:middle line:84% then engage them in interpreting what the findings 00:12:11.350 --> 00:12:14.950 align:middle line:84% or result mean to them and what should 00:12:14.950 --> 00:12:17.440 align:middle line:90% be a way forward for them? 00:12:17.440 --> 00:12:20.590 align:middle line:84% Then, this is the community engagement process, 00:12:20.590 --> 00:12:24.160 align:middle line:84% so partnered with the community is very necessary 00:12:24.160 --> 00:12:27.600 align:middle line:84% to create change and improve health. 00:12:27.600 --> 00:12:32.440 align:middle line:84% And last thought is the community collaboration. 00:12:32.440 --> 00:12:35.880 align:middle line:84% Community support requires community collaboration, 00:12:35.880 --> 00:12:39.900 align:middle line:84% and community collaboration requires long-term commitment 00:12:39.900 --> 00:12:43.890 align:middle line:84% by engaging the organization and its partner. 00:12:43.890 --> 00:12:47.760 align:middle line:84% So all these things should be taken into consideration 00:12:47.760 --> 00:12:51.150 align:middle line:84% while undertaking any kind of a project 00:12:51.150 --> 00:12:56.770 align:middle line:84% or doing any kind of a community engagement activity. 00:12:56.770 --> 00:13:07.000 align:middle line:90%