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And then the last criterion for the cultural heritage is Criterion (vi). 

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And it is a very unique criterion. 

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The company considers this criteria should preferably 

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use in conjunction with other criteria 

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because this Criterion is linked to the intangible heritage things.

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This should be directly or tangibly associated with events or living traditions, 

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with ideas, or with beliefs, with artistic and literary 

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works of outstanding universal significance. 

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Most of the other criteria involve intangible associations of one sort or another 

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such as historical events, political leaders, wars and conflict, 

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or ideas in town planning or structural innovations, 

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but they concern the tangible impacts of these associations. 

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This criterion by contrast relates to associations 

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that may not have a tangible impact within the property,

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but nevertheless can be clearly and directly demonstrated. 

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For instance, a mountain or landscape may be sacred or inspirational; 

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a property may have inspired painters, artists or musicians; 

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or the property may be associated with some sort of event 

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that is itself of outstanding importance.

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The starting point for justifying this criterion must be that the events, 

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traditions, ideas, beliefs or artistic or literary works 

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are of outstanding universal significance.

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Then the way these events, traditions, ideas, beliefs or artistic or literary works 

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are demonstrated directly or tangibly in the property needs to be set out.

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So, bear in mind that the World Heritage Convention is about properties,

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this criterion may only be used if the physical aspects 

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of the property are of Outstanding Universal Value,

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it preferably satisfies at least one other criterion, 

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and it can be protected for agreed attributes 

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that convey Outstanding Universal Value.

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The World Heritage List does not inscribe events, traditions, ideas, beliefs 

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and artistic or literary works in themselves, 

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but it may inscribe properties which are directly 

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and tangibly associated with these. 

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For example, where a religion or movement is of 

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outstanding universal significance and is directly 

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or tangibly reflected in a property, 

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then this may be a good case for inscription. 

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However, the List cannot include every temple, shrine or 

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church of the major world religions. 

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A property must be an outstanding example of direct or tangible associations.

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In addition, more weight has been given to associations with the birthplace 

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or principal place in a particular religion,

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than to places used to diffuse such faith in a particular context.

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So let me give you several examples, West Lake Cultural Landscape of Hangzhou.

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So I will talk about this later because this is 

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one of my case studies sites in my research.

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I am very familiar with this site.

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I am very familiar with this site.

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The West Lake Cultural Landscape of Hangzhou, 

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comprising the West Lake and the hills surrounding its three sides, 

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has inspired famous poets, scholars and artists since the 9th century. 

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It comprises numerous temples, pagodas, pavilions, 

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gardens and ornamental trees, as well as causeways and artificial islands.

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These additions have been made to improve the landscape west 

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of the city of Hangzhou to the south of the Yangtze river.

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The West Lake has influenced garden design in the rest of China 

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as well as Japan and Korea over the centuries 

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and bears an exceptional testimony to the cultural tradition of 

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improving landscapes to create a series of vistas reflecting 

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an idealized fusion between humans and nature.

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So that is based on the criteria two and three,

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and also the criteria is also based on the criteria six.

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 The Tang and Song culture of demonstrating harmony between man and nature 

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by improving the landscape to create pictures of great beauty, 

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captured by artists and given names by poets,

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is highly visible in the West Lake Landscape, with its islands, 

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causeways, temples, pagodas and ornamental planting.

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The value of that tradition has persisted for seven centuries in West Lake 

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and has spread across China and into Japan and Korea, 

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turning it into a tradition of outstanding significance.

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The other example I would like to talk about is 

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Historic Centre of Florence in Italy.

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The Florence, the symbol of the Renaissance, rose to economic and cultural pre-eminence 

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under the Medici in the 15th and 16th centuries.

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Its 600 years of extraordinary artistic activity can be seen 

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above all in the 13th-century cathedral (Santa Maria del Fiore), 

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the Church of Santa Croce, the Uffizi and the Pitti Palace, 

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the work of great masters such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo and other great artist.

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Base on the Criterion (vi), Florence is materially associated with events of universal importance. 

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It was in the milieu of the Neo-Platonic Academia that the concept of the 

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Renaissance was forged. Florence is the birthplace of modern humanism.

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The last example is Acropolis of Athens and its monuments are

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universal symbols of the classical spirit and civilization 

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and form the greatest architectural 

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and artistic complex bequeathed by Greek Antiquity to the world. 

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In the second half of the fifth century BC, Athens, 

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following the victory against the Persians and the establishment of democracy,

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took a leading position amongst the other city-states of the ancient world.

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In the age that followed, as thought and art flourished, 

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an exceptional group of artists put into effect of the ambitious plans of 

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Athenian statesman Pericles and, under the inspired guidance of 

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the sculptor Pheidias, transformed the rocky hill into 

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a unique monument of thought and the arts. 

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Based on the Criterion (vi), the Acropolis is directly and tangibly 

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associated with events and ideas that have never faded over the course of history.

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Its monuments are still living testimonies of the achievements of 

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Classical Greek politicians who lead the city to the establishment of Democracy;

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 the thought of Athenian philosophers such as Plato, Aristotle;

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and the works of architects and artists. 

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These monuments are the testimony of a precious part of 

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the cultural heritage of humanity.

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So this is all the six criteria for assessment. 

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The outstanding universal value of the cultural heritage sites.

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Let me just show you, the first one represents 

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a masterpiece of human creative genius .

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The second one talk about the important interchange of the human values.

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The third one is about the testimony to a culture tradition. 

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And the fourth one is an outstanding is example of 

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the building architecture in the human history. 

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And the fifth one, it is about the outstanding example of 

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traditional human land use, is talk about the relationship 

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between human and nature.

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And the last one, the criteria six, 

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its association with intangible heritage and tangible heritage.

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So that are the all six criteria. 

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And you can see that is a reference you may be interested to read through. 

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So in this section and the previous section, 

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I generally talk about the criteria one to six, and the next section, 

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I will talk about a little bit of natural criteria and examples. 

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Thank you.